Symphony, Symphony

The terms "overture", "symphony" and "sinfonia" were widely regarded as interchangeable for much of the 18th century.

His Symphony No. 9 takes the unprecedented step (for a symphony) of including parts for vocal soloists and choir in the last movement, making it a choral symphony (however, Daniel Steibelt had written a piano concerto with a choral finale four years earlier, in 1820). Hector Berlioz, who coined the term "choral symphony," built on this concept in his "dramatic symphony" Romo et Juliette while explaining his intent in the five-paragraph introduction in that work's score (Berlioz 1857, 1). Beethoven and Franz Schubert replaced the usual genteel minuet with a livelier scherzo. In Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony, a program work, the composer inserted a "storm" section before the final movement; Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique , also a programme work, has both a march and a waltz, and five movements instead of the customary four.

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