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Narcissism, Narcissism

The terms narcissism , narcissistic , and narcissist are often used as pejoratives, denoting vanity, conceit, egotism or simple selfishness. Applied to a social group, it is sometimes used to denote elitism or an indifference to the plight of others.

Freud, Sigmund, On Narcissism: An Introduction, 1914 Andrew Morrison claims that, in adults, a reasonable amount of healthy narcissism allows the individual's perception of his needs to be balanced in relation to others. Morrison, Andrew.

Healthy narcissism forms a constant, realistic self-interest and mature goals and principles and an ability to form deep object relations. Moore & Fine (1990). Psychoanalytic Terms & Concept. The American Psychoanalytic Association: New York.

Freud argues that healthy narcissism is an essential part in normal development.

Self-esteem works as a mediator between narcissism and psychological health.

The ego develops during infancy and the early part of childhood, only when the outside world, usually in the form of parental controls and expectations, intrudes upon primary narcissism, teaching the individual about the nature and standards of his social environment from which he can form the ideal ego , an image of the perfect self towards which the ego should aspire.

Freud further claimed that it is an extreme form of the narcissism that is part of all people.

When that affection is returned so is the libido, thus restoring primary narcissism and self worth. Any failure to achieve, or disruption of, this balance causes psychological disturbances. In such a case, primary narcissism can be restored only by withdrawing object-libido (also called object-love ) to replenish ego-libido.

Self-idealization is compensatory in her theory, but it differs from narcissism. All the defensive strategies involve self-idealization, but in the narcissistic solution it tends to be the product of indulgence rather than of deprivation.

Although several versions of the NPI have been proposed in the literature, a forty-item forced-choice version (Raskin & Terry, 1988) is the one most commonly employed in current research. The NPI is based on the DSM-III clinical criteria for narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), although it was designed to measure these features in the general population. Thus, the NPI is often said to measure "normal" or "subclinical" (borderline) narcissism (i.e., in people who score very high on the NPI do not necessarily meet criteria for diagnosis with NPD).

Source: Wikipedia > Narcissism