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Genetics, Genetics

Griffiths et al. (2000), Chapter 1 (Genetics and the Organism): Introduction Hartl D, Jones E (2005) The fact that living things inherit traits from their parents has been used since prehistoric times to improve crop plants and animals through selective breeding. However, the modern science of genetics, which seeks to understand the process of inheritance, only began with the work of Gregor Mendel in the mid-nineteenth century.

The degree to which an organism's genes contribute to a complex trait is called heritability. Griffiths et al. (2000), Chapter 25 (Quantitative Genetics): Quantifying heritability Measurement of the heritability of a trait is relative - in a more variable environment, the environment has a bigger influence on the total variation of the trait. For example, human height is a complex trait with a heritability of 89% in the United States. In Nigeria, however, where people experience a more variable access to good nutrition and health care, height has a heritability of only 62%.

Griffiths et al. (2000), Chapter 3 (Chromosomal Basis of Heredity): Mendelian genetics in eukaryotic life cycles The two alleles for a gene are located on identical loci of sister chromatids, each allele inherited from a different parent.

In addition to studying genetic diseases, the increased availability of genotyping techniques has led to the field of pharmacogenetics—studying how genotype can affect drug responses.

Source: Wikipedia > Genetics